Strength is good, helps you carry more stuff and even with 6 str and melee/unarmed skill below 20 i still do very good damage swinging combat knife and spiked knuckles when low on ammo or don't want to waste ammo when dogmeat is tanking.
Perception. Get 6 total if you want sniper perk (so far you can get plus 1 from ant quest and 1 from bobble head). If you don't want to get sniper perk get as low as possible, like 1-3 while starting. While this helps you spot enemies on your radar sooner dogmeat replaces this, his perception is like 90 and he always points towards enemies incoming.
Endurance. More hp. And not sure, but I think you get extra hp per level with endurance. It also says helps you resist radiation and damage, but not sure it does. Mine is 7.
Charisma. Have not tested this extensively BUT, Charisma is worthless so far, I have 7 charisma and random people still tell me to fuck off, and there was only once when doing the research book that I could use [Charisma] and I didn't even try that because there was a [Intellect] option and I picked that one because my int is 10.
Intelligence. Very good I start with 10, you get 10 base skill points per level and then 1 more skill point per level per intelligence you have. And it is often a speech option to help you finish quests. Short explaination but probably the most important stat. Yes i know i am wasting the bobble head here, but if I can't get to that bobble head till level 14 I wasted 14 skill points.
Agility. Started with 5 so I could boost other stats, bad idea. Starting pouring intense training perk into this to get it up to 9. This affects what your max action point are for vats. Also your vat points fill to full in about 10 seconds no matter how many you have. So if you have 10 action points total you would be getting 1 point per second if you have 100 action points total you will be getting 10 back per second. Second most important, especially if using any type of gun.
Luck. Each luck gives you 1 more percent chance to crit. Have not tested this, but Finesse perk gives you the equivilent to 5 luck points to crit. Not sure if this can go above 10. I started with 4 because I felt when watching videos those guys crit enough. And I am not sure how much this increases your chance of random encounters. It's one of those stats that will be obscure. I started with 4, got the lucky 8 ball from big town quest, got the bobblehead got finesse. So I am basically sitting around with 11 luck and not sure if that 11th point is doing anything.
You distribute 40 points when starting the game and if I started over today i would make it somethign like this:
S: 5
P:4
E:8
C:1
I: 10
A: 9
L: 3
Speech might be tough but with 7 charisma and speech at 80 I still fail speeches most times. And all speech does is let you skip quests. You shouldn't want to skip quests if you bought the game. Might get you a code to a safe or let in somewhere, but usually there are 3 other ways to get the code or be let in. It used to be you had to have good speech to get anything done in fallout 1/2 now just pick the nicest sounding option and you will get what you want. Unless you are trying to get with the slavers then pick the meanest sounding one.
Also not sure if you need a minimum charisma to pick up certain followers or not, so far what i have read you don't need to meet any charisma minimum just depends on karma.